Canine Laryngitis: Understanding, Symptoms, Causes, and Care

Yes, Dogs Get Laryngitis

Just like humans, dogs can experience laryngitis, a condition that affects their vocal cords and can lead to discomfort (Source 1). This common respiratory ailment involves inflammation of the larynx, often referred to as the "voice box" (Source 2, Source 4). When the larynx becomes inflamed, it impacts the vocal cords, resulting in changes to a dog's bark and overall vocalizations.

The larynx is a crucial cartilaginous structure in the throat. It plays a vital role in preventing choking by closing off the trachea during swallowing (Source 3). Inflammation in this area can lead to a range of symptoms, from a simple hoarse bark to more severe breathing difficulties.

Laryngitis Symptoms

Recognizing the signs of laryngitis in dogs is crucial for timely intervention and treatment (Source 4). Symptoms can range from mild vocal changes to more serious indicators of respiratory distress.

• Hoarse or Raspy Bark: One of the most noticeable symptoms is a change in the dog's bark, which may sound hoarse, raspy, or unusually quiet (Source 1, Source 4).
• Loss of Voice (Aphonia): In some cases, a dog may completely lose its ability to bark or vocalize, a condition known as aphonia (Source 4).
• Coughing: A cough is often the first noticeable sign of laryngitis (Source 2). Initially, the cough may be harsh, dry, and short, but it can evolve to become soft, moist, and even painful (Source 2, Source 3).
• Difficulty Breathing: Dogs with laryngitis may exhibit noisy or labored breathing (Source 3). This can manifest as a harsh or raspy sound during respiration (Source 4).
• Painful or Difficult Swallowing: Inflammation of the larynx can make swallowing uncomfortable or challenging for dogs (Source 2, Source 3). This might lead to reluctance to eat.
• Bad Breath: According to the MSD Veterinary Manual, bad breath may also be noted in dogs with laryngitis (Source 2).
• Lowered Head, Open Mouth Stance: A dog experiencing significant discomfort or difficulty breathing due to laryngitis might stand with its head lowered and mouth open (Source 2, Source 3).
• Loss of Appetite: Due to discomfort or difficulty swallowing, a dog with laryngitis may show a decreased interest in food (Source 1, Source 4).
• Fatigue: General lethargy or fatigue can accompany laryngitis, especially if the dog is struggling with an underlying infection (Source 4).
• Elevated Body Temperature/Fever: An elevated body temperature can indicate an underlying infection contributing to the laryngitis (Source 3).

Laryngitis Causes

Laryngitis in dogs can stem from a wide array of factors, including infections, environmental irritants, physical trauma, and various underlying health conditions (Source 1, Source 4). Identifying the root cause is essential for effective treatment.

Infections

Infections are a common cause of laryngeal inflammation.

• Bacterial, Viral, or Parasitic Infections: These can include common pathogens like those responsible for kennel cough, canine influenza, or even distemper (Source 3, Source 4, Source 5).
• Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: Laryngitis often accompanies broader upper respiratory tract infections (Source 2, Source 3).

Irritants/Allergens

Environmental factors can directly irritate the delicate tissues of the larynx.

• Inhaled Dust, Smoke, Irritating Gases, or Allergens: Exposure to these substances can trigger inflammation (Source 2, Source 3, Source 4). Pet owners should minimize their dog's exposure to environmental irritants such as smoke, dust, and pollution (Source 4, Source 5).

Trauma/Injury

Physical damage or strain to the larynx can also lead to laryngitis.

• Excessive Barking/Vocalization: Prolonged or intense barking can cause trauma to the vocal cords, leading to inflammation (Source 2, Source 4, Source 5).
• Foreign Objects Lodged in the Throat: Objects that become stuck in the throat can directly irritate or damage the larynx (Source 1, Source 3).
• Trauma from Breathing Tubes During Surgery: The placement of a breathing tube during a surgical procedure can sometimes cause temporary laryngeal irritation (Source 2, Source 3).
• Bite Wounds: Physical trauma from a bite wound to the throat area could also lead to laryngeal inflammation (Source 3).

Underlying Conditions

Several health issues can predispose a dog to laryngitis or cause it as a secondary symptom.

• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): This digestive disorder can cause stomach acid to irritate the larynx, leading to inflammation (Source 3).
• Laryngeal Abnormalities: Structural issues like granulomas or tumors in the larynx can cause chronic inflammation (Source 3).
• Brachycephalic Syndrome: Breeds with flattened faces and shorter nasal passages and larynges, such as Pugs, English Bulldogs, and Pekinese, are more prone to laryngitis (Source 2, Source 3, Source 5). Their respiratory effort can lead to laryngeal swelling, especially during excitement or overheating (Source 2).
• Obesity: Obese dogs may also develop laryngitis due to increased respiratory effort (Source 2).
• Laryngeal Paralysis: This condition, where the nerves controlling the larynx are impaired, can also contribute to inflammation (Source 2).
• Allergic Reactions: Swelling of the larynx can occur as a result of an allergic reaction (Source 2, Source 3).

Laryngitis Diagnosis

A thorough veterinary examination is essential for accurately diagnosing laryngitis and determining its underlying cause (Source 1, Source 4). The diagnostic process typically involves a combination of physical assessment and specialized tests.

Veterinary Examination

• Physical Exam and Medical History: The veterinarian will conduct a comprehensive physical examination and gather a detailed medical history of your dog (Source 1). This includes asking about the onset of symptoms, any recent exposures, and your dog's overall health.
• Palpation of the Larynx: Gently pressing on the larynx can sometimes induce a cough, which can be an indicator of inflammation (Source 2).

Possible Diagnostic Tests

Depending on the initial findings, your veterinarian may recommend further diagnostic tests to pinpoint the exact cause of the laryngitis.

• Laryngoscopy: This procedure involves using a small, flexible scope to visually examine the larynx directly (Source 1). It allows the vet to assess the extent of inflammation, check for foreign objects, or identify any structural abnormalities.
• Radiographs (X-rays): X-rays of the chest and neck can help rule out other respiratory conditions or identify foreign objects (Source 1).
• Allergy Testing: If allergies are suspected as a cause, specific tests may be performed to identify environmental or food allergens (Source 1).
• Blood Tests: Blood work can help detect signs of infection or other systemic illnesses that might be contributing to the laryngitis.

Laryngitis Treatment

The treatment approach for laryngitis in dogs depends heavily on the underlying cause and the severity of the symptoms (Source 4, Source 5). A combination of veterinary intervention and supportive home care is often recommended.

Veterinary Intervention (essential for underlying cause)

A visit to the veterinarian is crucial for an accurate diagnosis and to develop an appropriate treatment plan (Source 4).

• Medications:
• Anti-inflammatories: These medications help reduce swelling and pain in the larynx (Source 4, Source 5).
• Antibiotics: If a bacterial infection is identified as the cause, antibiotics will be prescribed (Source 4, Source 5).
• Cough Suppressants: In some cases, cough suppressants may be used to provide relief, especially if the cough is severe and painful.
• Laryngoscopy: If a foreign object is lodged in the throat, a laryngoscopy may be performed to safely remove it (Source 1). This procedure can also be used for further diagnostic purposes if needed.
• Addressing Underlying Conditions: Treating the primary cause is paramount. This might involve managing conditions like GERD, allergies, or other health issues (Source 4).

Home Care (supportive, with vet guidance)

While veterinary treatment addresses the root cause, home care plays a significant role in providing comfort and aiding recovery. Always consult your veterinarian before implementing any home remedies (Source 4, Source 5).

• Rest and Quiet Environment: Ensure your dog has plenty of rest and a calm, stress-free environment to avoid further irritation to the throat (Source 4, Source 5).
• Hydration: Provide constant access to fresh water to keep your dog well-hydrated (Source 1, Source 4).
• Soft, Easily Swallowed Foods: Offer soft foods that are easy for your dog to swallow without causing additional pain or irritation (Source 1).
• Humidified Air: Providing clean, humidified air can help soothe the throat and nasal passages, potentially reducing coughing and inflammation (Source 4, Source 5). You can achieve this by using a humidifier or by having your dog sit in a steamy bathroom for 10-15 minutes.
• Avoid Throat Irritation: Be mindful not to put pressure on your dog's neck, for example, by using a harness instead of a collar during walks. Avoid exposure to cold or dusty air (Source 2).
• Honey: Small amounts of honey can be given to help soothe the throat, but always consult your veterinarian first to ensure it's appropriate for your dog (Source 4, Source 5).

Laryngitis Prevention

While it's not always possible to prevent laryngitis, several proactive measures can significantly reduce your dog's risk of developing the condition (Source 4, Source 5).

• Limit Excessive Barking: Managing your dog's barking can prevent trauma to the larynx (Source 4, Source 5). Consider training or behavioral interventions if excessive vocalization is a consistent issue.
• Maintain a Clean, Dust-Free Environment: A clean living space minimizes exposure to dust and other airborne irritants that can inflame the larynx (Source 1, Source 5).
• Avoid Exposure to Smoke, Strong Fumes, and Environmental Pollutants: Minimize your dog's exposure to irritants like cigarette smoke, chemical fumes, and air pollution, which can irritate the larynx (Source 1, Source 2, Source 4, Source 5).
• Ensure Proper Hydration: Always provide access to fresh, clean water to keep your dog's throat moist and healthy (Source 1, Source 4).
• Regular Veterinary Check-ups: Routine vet visits can help detect and address underlying health issues before they lead to more severe conditions like laryngitis (Source 1).
• Manage Allergies: If your dog has known allergies, work with your veterinarian to manage them effectively to prevent allergic reactions that could cause laryngeal swelling (Source 2).
• Address Underlying Health Issues Promptly: Promptly treating conditions like upper respiratory infections or GERD can prevent them from progressing to laryngitis (Source 4).

Laryngitis Risks & When to See a Vet

While many cases of canine laryngitis are treatable, there are potential risks and situations where immediate veterinary attention is crucial.

Risks

Untreated or severe laryngitis can lead to serious complications.

• Severe Airway Obstruction: Swelling of the mucous membranes in the larynx can become severe enough to obstruct the upper airway (Source 2).
• Suffocation: In extreme cases, especially in brachycephalic dogs (like Pugs and Bulldogs) or obese dogs, severe laryngeal swelling can lead to suffocation (Source 2).
• Aspiration Pneumonia: Difficulty swallowing can increase the risk of food or liquid entering the lungs, leading to aspiration pneumonia.
• Chronic Discomfort: Persistent inflammation can cause ongoing pain and reduce your dog's quality of life.

Immediate Vet Visit If

Certain symptoms warrant an immediate trip to the veterinarian.

• Difficulty Breathing: If your dog is gasping for air, struggling to breathe, or has blue-tinged gums, seek emergency veterinary care immediately.
• Complete Loss of Voice: While a hoarse bark is a symptom, a complete loss of voice can indicate a more severe laryngeal issue (Source 4, Source 5).
• Persistent, Worsening Cough: A cough that doesn't improve or gets worse over time needs professional assessment (Source 1).
• Reluctance to Eat or Drink: If your dog is refusing food or water, it could be a sign of significant pain or discomfort, or a worsening condition (Source 4).
• Signs of Pain or Distress: Any indication of severe pain, lethargy, or unusual behavior should prompt a vet visit.
• Symptoms Last More Than a Few Days or Recur Frequently: If symptoms do not improve within a few days of home care or if they keep coming back, a veterinary evaluation is necessary (Source 4, Source 5).

Laryngitis FAQ